Contents:

1. Identification of Body Fluids

2. Animal vs. Human Bloodstains

3. Time Since Deposition of Blood

4. Phenotypic Profiling

5. Book Chapters & Review Articles

6. Patents and patent applications

7. Related Studies

1. Identification of Body Fluids

Main reports

1.       Bhavik Vyas, Lenka Halamkova, Igor K. Lednev. A Universal Test for the Forensic Identification of All Main Body Fluids Including Urine. Forensic Chemistry 2020, 100247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2020.100247

2.       Y.V. Kistenev, A.V. Borisov, A.A. Samarinova, S. Colón‑Rodríguez, and I.K. Lednev, A novel Raman spectroscopic method for detecting traces of blood on an interfering substrate. Sci. Reports 2023, 13:5384. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31918-9    

3.       Borisov, A.V., Snegerev, M.S., Colón-Rodríguez, S., Fikiet, M. A., Lednev, I. K., Kistenev, Y. V. Identification of semen traces at a crime scene through Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Sci Rep 14, 23070 (2024). - interfering substratehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73563-w

4.       Taylor Casey, Ewelina Mistek, Lenka Halámková, Igor K. Lednev. Raman spectroscopy for forensic semen identification: Method validation vs. environmental interferences. Vibrational Spectroscopy 2020, 109, 103065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2020.103065

5.       R. Rosenblatt, L. Halámková, K.C. Doty, E.A.C. de Oliveira, I.K. Lednev.  Raman spectroscopy for forensic bloodstain identification: Method validation vs. environmental interferences. Forensic Chemistry 2019, 16, 100175.

6.       Sikirzhytskaya, A.; Sikirzhytski, V. and Lednev, I.K.  Raman spectroscopy coupled with advanced statistics for differentiating menstrual and peripheral blood.  J Biophotonics 2014, 7 (1–2) 59–67. (Made a journal cover).

7.       Sikirzhytskaya, A.; Sikirzhytski, V. and Lednev, I.K.  Raman spectroscopy coupled with advanced chemometrics for differentiating semen and blood mixtures for forensic purposes.  Spectroscopy 2013, 28 (12) 25-29.

8.       A. Sikirzhytskaya, V. Sikirzhytski, L. Pérez-Almodóvar, I.K. Lednev. Raman spectroscopy for the identification of body fluid traces: Semen and vaginal fluid mixture, Forensic Chemistry 2023, 32, 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100468

Additional reports

9.       A. Weber, V. Ermolenkov, M.O. Amin, E. Al-Hetlani, and I.K. Lednev, Detection of Oral Fluid Stains on Fabric via Solution Extraction Combined with Deep Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 7, 3864–3871. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04581

10.    Fikiet, M. A.; Lednev, I. K., Raman spectroscopic method for semen identification: Azoospermia. Talanta 2019, 194, 385-389.

11.    Almehmadi, L.M.; Lednev I.K., Stand-off Raman spectroscopy is a promising approach for the detection and identification of bloodstains for forensic purposes. J Raman Spectroscopy 2024, 55 (2), 227-231. (Pub Date: February 2024) DOI: 10.1002/jrs.6609

12.    Nichols, N.A. and Lednev, I.K.  Raman Spectroscopy for Forensic Identification of Body Fluid Traces: Method Validation for Potential False Negatives Caused by Blood-Affecting Diseases. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022, 13, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2022.131001  

13.    G McLaughlin, MA Fikiet, M Ando, H Hamaguchi, IK Lednev. Universal detection of body fluid traces in situ with Raman hyperspectroscopy for forensic purposes: Evaluation of a new detection algorithm (HAMAND) using semen samples. J Raman Spectroscopy 2019, 50, 1147–1153 (Journal cover). https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5621

14.    Muro, C.M. and Lednev, I.K.  Identification of individual red blood cells by Raman microspectroscopy for forensic purposes: in search of a limit of detection. Analyt Bioanalyt Chem 2017, 409 (1), 287-293. (Made a journal cover). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0002-2

15.    Claire K. Muro, Kyle C. Doty, Luciana de Souza Fernandes, Igor K. Lednev.  Forensic body fluid identification and differentiation by Raman spectroscopy. Forensic Chem 2016, 1, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.forc.2016.06.003.

16.    McLaughlin, G.; Lednev, I.K. In Situ Identification of Semen Stains on Common Substrates via Raman Spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 2015, 60, 595-604.

17.    McLaughlin, G.; Lednev, I.K. A modified Raman multidimensional spectroscopic signature of blood to account for the effect of laser power. Forensic Sci. Int. 2014, 240, 88-94.

18.    McLaughlin, G.; Sikirzhytski, V.; Lednev, I.K. Circumventing substrate interference in the Raman spectroscopic identification of blood stains. Forensic Sci. Int. 2013, 231, 157–166.

19.    Sikirzhytskaya, A; Sikirzhytski, V.; McLaughlin, G.; Lednev, I.K. Forensic identification of blood in the presence of contaminations using Raman microspectroscopy coupled with advanced statistics: effect of sand, dust, and soil. J. Forensic Sci., 2013, 58(5), 1141-1148.

20.    Sikirzhytski, V.; Sikirzhytskaya, A; Lednev, I.K. Advanced statistical analysis of Raman spectroscopic data for the identification of body fluid traces: semen and blood mixtures. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 222, 259–265.

21.    Sikirzhytskaya, A; Sikirzhytski, V.; Lednev, I.K. Raman spectroscopic signature of vaginal fluid and its potential application in forensic body fluid identification, Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 216(1-3): 44-48.

22.    Sikirzhytski, V.; Sikirzhytskaya, A; Lednev, I.K. Multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signature of sweat and its potential application to forensic body fluid identification, Analyt Chim Acta 2012, 718, 78-83. 

23.    Sikirzhytski, V.; Virkler, K; Lednev, I.K. Discriminant Analysis of Raman Spectra for Body Fluid Identification for Forensic Purposes, Sensors 2010, 10(4), 2869-2884.

24.    Virkler, K.; Lednev, I.K. Raman spectroscopic signature of blood and its potential application to forensic body fluid identification, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 396 (1) 525 -524.

25.    Virkler, K.; Lednev, I.K. Forensic Body Fluid Identification: The Raman Spectroscopic Signature of Saliva, Analyst, 2010, 135, 512-517. (Made a journal cover).

26.    Virkler, K.; Lednev, I.K. Raman spectroscopic signature of semen and its potential application to forensic body fluid identification, Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 193, 56–62.

27.    Virkler, K.; Lednev, I.K. Raman spectroscopy offers great potential for the nondestructive confirmatory identification of body fluids, Forensic Sci. Int. 2008, 181, e1-e5 (Rapid Communication).

2. Animal vs. Human Bloodstains

1.       McLaughlin, G.; Doty, K.C.; Lednev, I.K. Discrimination of human and animal blood traces via Raman spectroscopy. Forensic Sci. Int. 2014, 238, 91-95.

2.       Doty, K. C.; Lednev, I. K., Differentiation of human blood from animal blood using Raman spectroscopy: A survey of forensically relevant species. Forensic Sci Int 2018, 282, 204-210.

3.       Virkler, K.; Lednev, I.K. Blood Species Identification for Forensic Purposes Using Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Advanced Statistical Analysis, Anal. Chem. 2009, 81 (18), 7773-7777.  (Made a journal news story).

4.       McLaughlin, G., Doty, K. C. & Lednev, I. K. Raman spectroscopy of blood for species identification. Analytical Chemistry2014, 86, 11628-11633, doi:10.1021/ac5026368.

5.       H. M. Dickler, A.R. Weber, and I.K. Lednev, Discrimination Between Human and Animal Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy and a Self-Reference Algorithm for Forensic Purposes: Method Expansion and Validation. Appl. Spectrosc. Practica, 2024, Vol. 2(2) 1–10. (Published June 2024) DOI: 10.1177/27551857241252175

6.       E. Mistek-Morabito, I. K. Lednev, Discrimination between human and animal blood for forensic purposes by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, Communications Chemistry 2020, 3:178. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-020-00424-8

3. Time Since Deposition of Blood

Main reports

1.       Doty, K.C.; Muro, C.M. and Lednev, I.K. Predicting the time of the crime: Bloodstain aging estimation for up to two years. Forensic Chem 2017, 5, pp 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2017.05.002

2.       Doty, K. C., McLaughlin, G. & Lednev, I. K. A Raman "spectroscopic clock" for bloodstain age determination: the first week after deposition. Analyt Bioanalyt Chem 2016, 408 (15), 3993-4001. doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9486-z.

3.       Weber, A.; Wojtowicz, A.; Wietecha-Posluszny, R.; Lednev, I. K., Raman Spectroscopy for the Time since Deposition Estimation of a Menstrual Bloodstain. Sensors (Basel) 2024, 24 (11), 3262; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113262

Additional reports

4.       Salma Al-Antari, Zainab H. Hussain, Mohamed O. Amin, Bhavik Vyas, Lednev, I.K., Al-Hetlani, E.; Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis for Estimating Time Since Deposition of Bloodstain on Fabrics Under Ambient Conditions. J Forens Sci 2025, under revision.

5.       A.P. Barber, A.R. Weber, I.K. Lednev. Raman spectroscopy to determine the time since deposition of heated bloodstains, Forensic Chemistry 2024, 37, 100549, March 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100549  

6.       A. Weber, A. Wójtowicz, I.K. Lednev. Post deposition aging of bloodstains probed by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. J Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology 2021, 221, 112251https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112251  

7.       A. Wójtowicz, A. Weber, R. Wietecha-Posłuszny, I.K.Lednev. Probing menstrual bloodstain aging with fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021, 248, 119172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.119172

4. Phenotypic Profiling

1.       B. Vyas, L. Halámková and I.K. Lednev. Phenotypic profiling based on body fluid traces discovered at the scene of crime: Raman spectroscopy of urine stains for race differentiation. Analyst, 2024, 149, 5081-5090. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00938J

2.       Doty, K.C.; Lednev, I.K. Differentiating Donor Age Groups Based on Raman Spectroscopy of Bloodstains for Forensic Purposes. ACS Cent. Sci. 2018, 4, 862−867. (Made a journal cover). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.8b00198

3.       Muro, C.M. and Lednev, I.K. Race Differentiation Based on Raman Spectroscopy of Semen Traces for Forensic Purposes. Analyt Chem 2017, 89 (8), pp 4344–4348. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00106

4.       Sikirzhytskaya, A.; Sikirzhytski, V.; Lednev, I. K. Determining Gender by Raman Spectroscopy of a Bloodstain. Analyt Chem2017, 89 (3), pp 1486–1492. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02986

5.       Muro, C. K.; Fernandes, L. d. S.; Lednev, I. K. Sex Determination Based on Raman Spectroscopy of Saliva Traces for Forensic Purposes. Analyt Chem 2016, 88, 12489−12493.

6.       Mistek, E., L. Halamkova, K. C. Doty, C. K. Muro, and I. K. Lednev. Race Differentiation by Raman Spectroscopy of a Bloodstain for Forensic Purposes. Analyt Chem 2016, 88, 7453−7456 (Made a journal cover).

7.       Al-Hetlani E, Halámková L, Amin MO, Lednev IK. Differentiating smokers and nonsmokers based on Raman spectroscopy of oral fluid and advanced statistics for forensic applications. J Biophotonics 2019; e201960123. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123 (Made journal cover, press coverage by UAlbany, several news agencies published short stories)

8.       Amin, M.O., E. Al-Hetlani, and I.K. Lednev, Discrimination of Smokers and Nonsmokers Based on the Analysis of Fingermarks for Forensic Purposes. Microchemical Journal 2023, 188, 108466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2023.108466  

5. Book Chapters & Review Articles

8.       Alpuché, Riley M.; Vyas, Bhavik; & Lednev, Igor K. “Flashforward: The Current and Future Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy for Forensic Purposes”. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 2025. 56, 3,193-206 (Published March 2025) https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6750

9.       Alpuché R., Pigolkin Yu.I., Zakharov S.N., Lednev I.K. Vibrational spectroscopy use for forensic purposes combined with machine learning. Forensic Medical Expertise 2024;67(4):69‑72. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246704169

10.    Альпуче Р., Пиголкин Ю.И., Захаров С.Н., Леднев И.К. Использование колебательной спектроскопии в сочетании с машинным обучением для задач судебной медицины. Судебно-медицинская экспертиза 2024;67(4):69‑72.

11.    Alexis Weber, Bailey Hoplight, Rhilynn Ogilvie, Claire Muro, Shelby R. Khandasammy, Luis Pérez-Almodóvar, Samuel Sears, and Igor K. Lednev, Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application, Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 1, 167–205. (Published January 10, 2023) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05094

12.    Y. V. Kistenev, A. Das, N. Mazumder, O. P. Cherkasova, A. I. Knyazkova, A. P. Shkurinov, V. V. Tuchin, I. K. Lednev, Label-free laser spectroscopy for respiratory virus detection: A review J. Biophotonics 2022, 15(10) e202200100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202200100 (published: 22 July 2022)

13.    Alexis Weber, Igor K. Lednev, Brightness of blood: Review of fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of bloodstains. Front. Anal. Sci., 2022, 2:906532. doi: 10.3389/frans.2022.906532

14.    M.O. Amin, E. Al-Hetlani, I.K. Lednev. Trends in vibrational spectroscopy of fingermarks for forensic purposes. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2021, 116341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116341

15.    Alexis Weber, Igor K. Lednev, Age Estimation of Bloodstained Fingermarks. Chapter 12 in Technologies for Fingermark Age Estimations: A Step Forward, Ed: Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Springer, 2021. Pages 323-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69337-4

16.    Alexis Weber, Igor K. Lednev, Raman Spectroscopy is Solving the Perpetual Problem of CSI: The Time of a Crime. Spectroscopy 2020, 35 (6), 41–44. Jun 01, 2020. http://www.spectroscopyonline.com/raman-spectroscopy-solving-perpetual-problem-csi-time-crime

17.    Alexis Weber and Igor K. Lednev, Review: Crime clock – analytical studies for approximating time since deposition of bloodstains. Forensic Chemistry, 2020, 19: 100248.

18.    Marisia A. Fikiet, Shelby R. Khandasammy, Ewelina Mistek, Yasmine Ahmed, Lenka Halámková, Justin Bueno, Igor K. Lednev. Chapter 9. Forensics: evidence examination via Raman spectroscopy. In “Micro-Raman spectroscopy theory and application.” Eds. Jürgen Popp and Thomas Mayerhöfer, Publisher:     Walter de Gruyter GmbH, ISBN 3110514796, 9783110514797 (2020), 220 pages. (February 24, 2020)

19.    Khandasammy, S. R., & Lednev, I. K. Vibrational Spectroscopy: The New Horizon for Gunshot Residue Analysis. Chapter 2 in Forensic Analysis of Gunshot Residue, 3D-Printed Firearms, and Gunshot Injuries: Current Research and Future Perspectives, NOVA Science Publishers, Inc. New York. 2019, pp. 33-54. 

20.    M.A. Fikiet, S.R. Khandasammy, E. Mistek, Y. Ahmed, L. Halámková, J. Bueno, I.K. Lednev, Forensics: evidence examination via Raman spectroscopy, Physical Science Reviews 2019, 4(2), 20170049. Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.  ISSN (Online) 

21.    Ewelina Mistek, Marisia A. Fikiet, Shelby R. Khandasammy, Igor K. Lednev. “Toward Locard's exchange principle: Recent developments in forensic trace evidence analysis.” Analyt Chem 2019, 91: 637-654.

22.    Ando, M., Lednev, I. K. & Hamaguchi, H.-O. Quantitative spectrometry of complex molecular systems by hypothetical addition multivariate analysis with numerical differentiation (HAMAND). Chapter 11. In Frontiers and Advances in Molecular Spectroscopy, Ed.: Jaan Laane. Elsevier. 369–378 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811220-5.00011-3

23.    Mistek, E.; Lednev, I.K. FT-IR Spectroscopy for Identification of Biological Stains for Forensic Purposes. IR Spectroscopy for Today’s Spectroscopists, August 2018, 8-28. Spectroscopy 2018, 33, 8-19.

24.    Fikiet, M. A.; Khandasammy, S. R.; Mistek, E.; Ahmed, Y.; Halamkova, L.; Bueno, J.; Lednev, I. K., Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: A review of recent applications in forensic science. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018,197, 255–260.

25.    S.R.Khandasammy, M.A.Fikiet, E. Mistek, Y. Ahmed, L. Halámková, J. Bueno. I.K.Lednev. Bloodstains, Paintings, and Drugs: Raman Spectroscopy Applications in Forensic Science. Forensic Chemistry 2018, 8, 111-133.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2018.02.002

26.    K.C. Doty, I.K. Lednev. Raman spectroscopy for forensic purposes: Recent applications for serology and gunshot residue analysis. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2018, 103, 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.003.

27.    C.K. Muro, K.C. Doty, J. Bueno, L. Halámková, 渡 邉 大 助 and I.K. Lednev. 振動分光学法科学に革命をもたらす新展開. J Spectroscopical Research Japan, 2016, 65(1), 3–32. (Review, in Japanese).

28.    Doty, K. C., Muro, C. K., Bueno, J., Halámková, L. & Lednev, I. K. What can Raman spectroscopy do for criminalistics? J Raman Spectroscopy 2016, 47, 39-50, doi:10.1002/jrs.4826.

29.    C.K. Muro, K.C. Doty, J. Bueno, L. Halámková, and Igor K. Lednev. Vibrational Spectroscopy for Forensic Applications. Chapter 2 in Forensic Science ­ Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Engineering for Justice. Ed. E. Katz and J. Halamek. Wiley-VCH (2016). ISBN: 978-3-527-33894-8.

30.    C.K. Muro, K.C. Doty, J. Bueno, L. Halámková, and Igor K. Lednev. Vibrational Spectroscopy: Recent Developments to Revolutionize Forensic Science. Anal Chem, 2015, 87, 306–327. (Critical review, made journal cover, Lednev was interviewed for Audio/Podcast-one interview per month). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac504068a

31.    Sikirzhytski, V.; Sikirzhytskaya, A; Lednev, I.K. Multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signatures as a tool for forensic identification of body fluid traces: A review, Appl. Spectros. 2011, 65(11), 1223-32. (Focal Point Review; Made a journal cover).

32.    Virkler, K.; Lednev, I.K. Analysis of Body Fluids for Forensic Purposes: From Laboratory Testing to Non-Destructive Rapid Confirmatory Identification at a Crime Scene, Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 188, 1-17 (Review). (One of the most downloaded and most cited articles from the journal).

6. Patents and patent applications

1.       Detection and Identification of Body Fluid Traces with Stand-Off Raman Spectroscopy. I.K. Lednev, and L.M. Almehmadi. Patent Application No. 18/234204, Filed 15 August 2023, Published 15 February 2024, US 20240053200 A1.

2.       Spectroscopic methods for body fluid age determination. US Patent No: US 10,801,964 B2 (2020). By Lednev, I.K.

3.       Spectroscopy for Gunshot Residue Analysis. US Patent No: US 10,001,437 В2 (2018). By Lednev, I. K.; Bueno, J.

4.       Ammunition and Weapon Type Identification Based on Spectroscopic Gunshot Residue Analysis. US Patent No: US 9,518,808 B2 (2016). By Lednev, I. K.; Bueno, J.

5.       Identification of Body Fluids Using Raman Spectroscopy. US Patent No: US 8,467,053 B2 (2013). By Lednev, I. K.; Virkler, K.

7. Related Studies

1.       Amin, M. O.; Matroodi, F.; Al-Hetlani, E.; Rossi, B.; Lednev, I. K., Deep ultraviolet Raman spectroscopic analysis of antihistamine drugs in oral fluid for forensic purposes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2025, 329, 125595. (Published 15 March 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.125595

2.       Amin, M.O., E. Al-Hetlani, and I.K. Lednev, Stability of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Contaminated Fingermarks Probed by Raman Spectroscopy: Effect of Temperature and Time since Deposition. Forensic Chemistry 2022, 100457.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100457

3.       Amin, M.O., E. Al-Hetlani, and I.K. Lednev, Stability of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Contaminated Fingermarks Probed by Raman Spectroscopy: Effect of Temperature and Time since Deposition. Forensic Chemistry 2022, 100457.(December 2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100457

4.       Al-Sharji, D.; Amin, M. O.; Lednev, I. K.; Al-Hetlani, E., Detection of Oral Fluid Stains on Common Substrates Using SEM and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for Forensic Purposes. ACS Omega 2024, 9 (28), 30142-30150. (Highlighted on journal cover, Published 18 June 2024). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09358

5.       E. Mistek-Morabito, I. K. Lednev, Discrimination of menstrual and peripheral blood traces using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and chemometrics for forensic purposes, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2021, (Published online February 13, 2021). doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03206-w

6.       S. Giuliano, E. Mistek-Morabito, and I.K. Lednev. Forensic Phenotype Profiling Based on the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood: Chronological Age of the Donor. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 27026−27031. (supplementary cover) https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01914

7.       E. Mistek, L. Halámková, I.K. Lednev.  Phenotype profiling for forensic purposes: Nondestructive potentially on scene attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy of bloodstains. Forensic Chemistry 2019,16: 100176.

8.       Takamura A., Hálamková L., Ozawa T., Lednev I.K., 2019. Phenotype Profiling for Forensic Purposes: Determining Donor Sex Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Urine Traces. Analyt Chem 2019, 91, 9, 6288-6295.  DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01058.

9.       Mathew S. Boll, Kyle C. Doty, Ray Wickenheiser, Igor K. Lednev. Differentiation of hair using ATR FT-IR spectroscopy: A statistical classification of dyed and non-dyed hairs. Forens Chem 2017, 6, 1–9.

10.    Penido, C. A. F. d. O., Pacheco, M. T. T., Lednev, I. K. & Silveira Jr., L.  Raman spectroscopy in forensic analysis: identification of cocaine and other illegal drugs of abuse. J Raman Spectroscopy 2016, 47, 28-38, doi:10.1002/jrs.4864.

11.    J. Manheim, K.C. Doty, G. McLaughlin and I.K. Lednev.  Differentiation of human, cat, dog, and synthetic hair by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for forensic purposes. Applied Spectroscopy 2016, 70(7) 1109–1117.

12.    E. Mistek, I. K. Lednev, Identification of species’ blood by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Analyt Bioanalyt Chem, 2015, 407, 7435-7442, doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8909-6.